Essay on Reparations for Native Americans - 1881 Words

Collin Brooke Term paper Native American Reparations: Pro or Con? The subject of paying some sort of reparations to Native Americans is a hot topic, and views range from the popular Fox News commentator Glen Beck who is very against reparations to the University of Colorado former Professor, Ward Churchill who is for reparations. President Obama himself has also put of his input on the topic with speeches both during the Presidential campaign and after his Inauguration. This paper seeks to present both sides of the argument and conclude with my own views of this issue. â€Å"It has been said that America will never be right until they right themselves with the American Indian. America must now seize this historic opportunity to†¦show more content†¦The Native Americans have already been the outcasts of American since the first European stepped foot on this land. The want the same rites that all other American citizens have. In summary, to make the critical investments necessary to improve all facets of Native American life would be a true form of reparations that would not only benefit individuals living on reservations, but our American society as a whole. The Case â€Å"Against† Reparations The case against reparations main argument is that this nation has already done enough and granted the Native American special rights. Native Americans do live on their own lands (reservations); are self-governed (Indian Sovereignty); and while the government does not specifically give them money, because they are self-governed, they are not subject to the same tax laws as other US citizens. Also, many tribes have opened their own casinos, called Indian Gaming Centers on their reservations, which bring in millions of tax-free dollars of money for some tribes. These are special rights that many Americans do have that non-Natives do not. Isn’t this a sufficient form of reparations? 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Unfortunately the lands they wanted to expand into were already claimed by the natives that settled there centuries before. In order to deal with this obstacle, The united states’ government used many strategies to combat what was referred to as the ‘indian problemâ⠂¬â„¢ including: confiscating their lands, relocating the to reservationsRead MoreShould Reparations Be Paid For African Americans?1367 Words   |  6 PagesOught the United States Federal Government pay reparations to African Americans? Introduction For many years the United States has committed atrocious and discriminatory acts against African Americans. In a seemingly more â€Å"equal† society today many are wondering what debt is owed to the descendants of African Americans. According to Alfred Brophy of University of North Carolina, reparations are defined as, â€Å"programs that are justified on the basis of past harm and that are also designated to assess

The Is A Documentary Film By Josh Fox - 1426 Words

Gasland is a documentary film by Josh Fox. It all began when a natural gas company wishing to buy his land for use of drilling approached him on him, in Milanville, Pennsylvania. He was told that his home was sitting on a natural gas field called the Marcellus Shale. The company claimed the Marcellus Shale was â€Å"the Saudi Arabia of natural gas† (Gasland). All of that led Josh to want to find out more about what exactly natural gas drilling meant for everyone around the country. This led him to the 2005 Energy Bill, which was pushed through by Dick Cheney, exempted the oil and natural gas industry from the Clean Water Act, Safe Drinking Water Act, Clean Air Act, and many other environmental laws. The information is interesting because Dick Cheney was CEO of Halliburton, the father of natural gas drilling. All of this information led Josh to the western America to see first hand the affects natural gas drilling that has been active in that area for at least a decade. Natural gas is extracted through a process called hydraulic fracturing, which drills a well and then pumps a mixture of water and fracking fluid. This fracking fluid contains over 595 different chemicals that have been uncovered with no help from the hydraulic fracturing industry. These dangerous chemicals can lead to many health problems experienced by many residents whose house fall around the same area as many fracking sites. One of the people he talked to was Lisa Braken, who grew up in the area of Divide CreekShow MoreRelatedThe Energy Crisis Of Josh Fox s Documentary, Gasland, And Natural Gas Extraction Essay2064 Words   |  9 Pagesnatural gas extraction makes the subject of hydraulic fracturing a very high stakes issue. Given the topic, the implications of Josh Fox’s documentary, Gasland, are as high stakes as could be expected. According to Fox’s claims in Gasland, the price of not believing his accusations is too steep to ignore. 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Due to the amount of pollution that hydrofracking can cause, many of the fa milies that Fox meets with no longer have the luxury of clean waterRead MoreGlobal Geopolitics of Fracking in Australia Essay581 Words   |  3 Pagesenvironmental health (De Rijke 2013). These are becoming important issues to the general public. The increasing awareness about the dangers of fracking are being told from media sources such as the documentary â€Å"Gasland.† The film directed by Josh Fox, about was nominated for an Academy Award 2011. The documentary is famous for showing tap water burst into flames due to methane gas contamination. To date, fracking has not been very well regulated. 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Mike Anane, a local journalist who has been writing about a boy who served asRead MoreThe Invisible Woman: Female Directors in Hollywood2710 Words   |  11 PagesFilm scholar Louis Gianetti says, â€Å"In the field of cinema, the achievement of the Women’s Movement [of the 1960’s] has been considerable, though most present-day feminists would insist that there is still much to be accomplished in the battle against patriarchal values† (428). Gianetti’s words are an understatement. Women in Hollywood are underrated, underrepresented, and generally shoved into the background of the film industry. However, with film becoming one of the most pervasive and influentialRead MoreHydrofracking - Social Context of Business2663 Words   |  11 PagesAlternative ly, with further exploration in water management technology, Talisman Energy’s hydraulic fracturing project has the potential to satisfy the ethical decision making criteria. REFERENCES 1. Gasland. Dir. Josh Fox. Perf. Josh Fox and Dick Cheney and Pete Seeger. HBO Documentary Films, 2011. DVD. 2. Hydraulic Fracturing Technology: Applications Analysis and Technology Evaluation Report. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, Office ofRead MoreEssay on Three Portrayals of Climate Change2090 Words   |  9 Pagesspecifically I refer to those involved in the works The Day After Tomorrow (DAT), An Inconvenient Truth (AIT), and Field Notes from a Catastrophe. Some go for the most sensational images and the loudest sounds. Others go for the slideshow presentation. Josh Schoolmeyer – in his article â€Å"Lights, Camera, Armageddon† notes, â€Å"[E]xperts get it right; Hollywood delivers the crowds†¦[various media portrayals] linger in the collective conscious of the public,† (Schollmeyer p. 259). (P2) Such different techniquesRead MoreHydraulic Fracturing: Fracking Essay1860 Words   |  8 PagesI became interested in hydraulic fracturing, commonly known as â€Å"fracking†, after watching the documentary Gasland II. It chronicled the experiences of those who inhabit areas in proximity to active fracking wells in Pennsylvania. Detailing how their lives had been affected by the drilling. Focusing primarily on water contamination and illnesses that potentially could be linked to the chemicals used in the drilling process. By the end, I had questions about the actual process and what chemicals

Finding Forrester Essay Example For Students

Finding Forrester Essay Khalia Milton Mrs. Clark English II CB 31 August 2010 Lessons Learned from Finding Forrester In the book Finding Forrester, written by James W. Ellison, there are many thoughts ideas of great importance to many individuals. Each person finds out that you can learn anything from anyone, no matter whether they are negative of positive influences to them. There are some individuals that value pride and swagger while some sought the virtues of conceitedness. Jamal Wallace, William Forrester, and Professor Robert Crawford learn the virtues of life, stereotyping, and integrity. Jamal Wallace is just another teenage African American male resembling all of his other friends in every way†¦ except for one. What most individual do not know is that Jamal is extraordinarily intelligent. Jamal also loves to read and write. Jamal’s lessons are learned in opulence with a man named William Forrester. Jamal does not only become a better writer, but he also learns the goodness to his integrity. Jamal shows his integrity to Forrester by not telling anyone about his new and long lost acquaintance. In the end, Jamal’s value laid in his integrity in many profound ways. William Forrester felt that people should just leave him alone and let his life pass him by. That was, until the day he met Jamal Wallace. Jamal teaches William the values of life that he is missing. Aside from Jamal wanting to learn more from Forrester, William will not allow it. Jamal teaches Forrester how to live his life to the fullest extent, and to never look back. After all of Jamal’s hard work, William finally came out of the comfort of his home, after so many years, and met civilization. Professor Robert Crawford is a bitter and malignant individual that is easily angered when he is being challenged. He wants to win every battle he comes across to ease his self-consciousness. Professor Crawford is an English teacher at Mailor-Callow, a school Jamal is chosen to attend. The professor is ascertained that Jamal is just attending because of his undoubted savvy to play basketball. What Professor Crawford does not know is that Jamal has an undeniable deftness of reading and writing, and because of that Crawford accuses Jamal of plagiarism. Jamal knows in his heart that he is an extraordinary writer, and he want others to know about it also. The stereotyping that Crawford does is despicable. He does not seem to understand why Jamal is so good in the things that he does. He does not care what others think because all he thinks about is oneself. In the end, even though Crawford does not give up, Jamal keeps his head up high and does not give up either. William Forrester, Jamal Wallace, and Professor Crawford adapted to the attributes of life, stereotyping, and integrity. In the end, all of the individuals learn what they can from others, and that is what they value the most. Ive learned that people will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel. -Maya Angelou

Family Paper Essay Example

Family Paper Paper Family Paper NURS 3304 Professional Nursing Practice October 6, 2011 Introduction The movie we chose to review is My Big Fat Greek Wedding. The film portrays a large family with strong cultural beliefs. Family relatives include Tula Portokalos, Gus Portokalos, Maria Portokalos, Athena Portokalos, Yiayia, Aunt Voula, Nick Portokalos, Uncle Taki, Athena, Foci, Cousin Nikki, Cousin Angelo, Yianni, Cousin Jennie, Aunt Frieda, Cousin Marianthi, Aunt Lexy, Aunt Nota, and Paris Miller. The cast also includes a priest. Opposite the Portokalos family is Ian Miller and his small traditional family made up of Harriett and Rodney Miller. Also in the plot is Ian’s friend, Mike. My Big Fat Greek Wedding is about a traditional Greek family who wants their 30 year old daughter, Toula Portokalos, to be married. While working in the family restaurant, Dancing Zobra’s, Toula meets Ian Miller with whom she falls in love. Ian Miller is not Greek but in order to marry Toula, he agrees to embrace the Greek culture and Orthodox Greek religion. In turn the Portokalos family must accept Ian and he struggles to embrace the traditions of the Greek family to which he now belongs. Family Cultural Assessment The family in My Big Fat Greek Wedding is large. We will write a custom essay sample on Family Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Family Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Family Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Each family function is attended by the entire immediate family. This includes thirteen cousins and assorted aunts and uncles. Despite its size, the family is very tight knit. Members of the Portokalos family are strong believers in the Greek tradition and do everything together. The Greek culture is traditionally centered on the Greek Orthodox Church. These are very religious and cultural people. The tenants of their Greek Orthodox faith permeate all facets of their lives. They value strong family ties and follow the guidelines of a patriarchal family structure. With the father at the top of this family, the mother is the home maker. The father works while the mother stays at home cooking and cleaning to provide for the large family. Mixed marriages are not encouraged in the Greek culture. Greek girls are encouraged to choose equally strong cultured Greek men for their husband. A primary goal of Greek parents is to facilitate the marriage of their daughters to Greek men. According to Nixon (1980), â€Å"The ethnic back ground of one’s friends is an indicator of prospective mates from which one will choose† (p 48). Greek families are very clannish. The extended family is always included along with the immediate family when there are Greek family gatherings. Each family gathering is thought to be an important factor in maintaining strong ties within the larger Greek community. It is also very common for ageing grandparents to live with their children. This is portrayed in My Big Fat Greek Wedding when Gus’ mother comes to live with the family. Ian comes from a small traditional American family. His extended family consists of only two cousins. His relatives are well to do and more sophisticated that those in Toula’s family. It is difficult for Toula to explain her large family unit to Ian when they first meet. Ian understands the importance of Greek culture in Toula’s life and accepts the large task of meeting and trying to assimilate with the large Portokalos family. On the part of Ian’s family, it takes some significant adjustment to accept the fact that Ian is marrying into such a strong willed Greek family. Foutoula â€Å"Toula† Portokalos is 30 years old, her father is Kostas â€Å"Gus† Portokalos and her mother is Maria Portokalos. Her younger brother is Nick Portokalos and her older sister is Athena. Voula is Toula’s aunt. Yiayia is Toula’s grandmother, Gus’ mother. Cousins include Athena Portokalos, Nick Portokalos, Foci, Cousin Nikki, Angelo, Yianni, Cousin Jennie, Cousin Marianthi. Also part of the Portokalos family are Uncle Taki, Aunt Frieda, Aunt Lexy, Aunt Nota. Ian Miller is now part of the Portokalos family along with his mother and father, Harriet and Rodney Miller. Six years after Toula and Ian marry, their daughter Paris is introduced into the movie. They tell her she can marry anyone but they do require her to attend Greek school. Erikson’s Developmental Stages According to Jarvis, â€Å"Growth is continuous and change is perpetual throughout the life cycle (Jarvis, 2008). For Tula Portokalos, the battle between a strict Greek upbringing and the readiness to embark on one’s own path haunts her daily. Like many who are experiencing the developmental tasks of a young adult, Tula is faced with the psychological conflict of intimacy versus isolation (Jarvis, 2008). When growing up, Tula always knew that she was different, but when she reached the age of 30 and was still not yet married, her family began to worry. As a young adult, her task was to find what everyone in her age group was looking for, and that was love. Ian, who is also facing the Early Adulthood stage of development, meets Tula at a restaurant where he sweeps her off her feet (Jarvis, 2008). The developmental task for choosing a mate is an even bigger task for Ian, who is faced with the loud and stubborn Greek family that believes Greeks are only meant to marry other Greeks. Ian, who is concerned with the psychological conflict of intimacy versus isolation, falls in love with Tula, where they begin to learn and cooperate with in-laws and a new martial relationship (Jarvis, 2008). Gus, Tula’s father, who is not too fond of Greeks marrying outside the Greek culture, believes only in two things: that non-Greeks should be taught how to be Greek, and that Windex cures everything. The developmental task and psychological conflict that Mr. Gus faces is the resolution of generativity versus stagnation (Jarvis, 2008). Tula’s father is concerned with the tasks of Middle Adulthood. Gus must accept Tula’s decision of marriage and learn to cope with an empty nest at home or he may risk the negative outcomes of stagnation and sorrow (Jarvis, 2008). Maria, Tula’s mother, is very understanding and explains to Tula that although man is the head of household, the woman is the neck and can turn the head in any direction she wants too. Maria is also in the development stage of Middle Adulthood (Jarvis, 2008). Her tasks include accepting and relating to her spouse and developing leisure activities such as cooking and gasping (Jarvis, 2008). Tula’s sister Athena represents the ideal Greek woman. She married a Greek man, had Greek babies, and fed everyone in the Greek family. Athena’s stage of development is Early Adulthood. At this stage, she was focused to learn the roles of parenting. Athena’s focus as a young adult was primarily based on setting up one’s own household and raising a family (Jarvis 2008). Another young adult in this crazy Greek family is Tula’s brother Nick. Nick’s task as a young adult is focused on forming a meaningful philosophy about life (Jarvis, 2008). He tells Tula not to let the past dictate who she is, but to let it be a part of who she will become. This philosophy is developed in Early Adulthood and governs how people make decisions about life and curtain morals. Coping Resources-Problem Solving and Stressors The Portokalos family seems to cope with stress quite well. When dealing with a new situation or stress in the family, the coping mechanisms that are involved include eating, cooking, and drinking. In an event where stress may play a role, the whole family comes together and works to fix the problem. This family consists of a strong support system that encourages individuals to express their emotions, resulting in loud and over exaggerated behavior. The Greeks hold nothing back, saying and expressing exactly what is on their minds. For Ian, coping with stress is handled quite differently. To adapt to the Greek standards, Ian made the decision to be baptized in the Orthodox Church. His ability to cope to the stressful demands of the Portokalos family eventually pays off when he is finally accepted as one of their own. The scholarly journal, â€Å"Are Greek-Americans Likely to Seek Psychotherapy†, addresses the skepticism that Greek-Americans have in seeking care for stress (Bagourdl, 2010). Although the resources are available to these immigrants, the unwillingness to seek help for this particular issue is uniform though out this culture. Eleni Bagourdl, the author of the journal, explains that although Greek-Americans do not completely reject the idea, the majority feel a uniform disinterest in seeking professional psychological help (Bagourdl, 2010). That when dealing with mental issues such as stress or conflicting problems, the Greek-American community look to family and friends for comfort and relief (Bagourdl, 2010). An individual’s willingness to seek professional help is greatly influenced by one’s culture (Bagourdl, 2010). According to the journal, immigrants rarely seek psychotherapy, but as a result therapists are becoming more interested in minority issues and coping strategies that are culturally orientated (Bagourdl, 2010). Integrity Process The Portokalos are a Greek family who consist of a combination of Greeks who immigrated to America and their children, who were born in America. They practice familism which, according to Rodriguez Mira, Paez, and Mira (2007), has â€Å"three dimensions: importance of family, family support, and family conflict with acculturation† (p 61). Familism places the family’s needs above the individuals. In this system, the patriarch of the family, Kostas Gus Portokalos, is in charge. He migrated to America when he was a young boy, yet he did not acculturate to the American way of life and has strict adherence to his heritage consistency and is very â€Å"Old Country†. He holds an ethnocentrism view about Greek culture that is recurrent throughout the film. An example used multiple times throughout the film is his belief that every word has its root in the Greek language. Toula is at a crossroads in her life because she is thirty years old and single. She was born and raised in America, and has been acculturated to the American way of life, but is still expected to live by her father’s Greek way of life. She plays a subservient role in her family due to familism, but she also yearns to be able to do what she wants to do, and doesn’t want to live a prearranged life. The most glaring example of her heritage inconsistency is when she begins to date a man who is not Greek. This is heartbreaking to her father because he believes nice Greek girls are supposed to do three things in life. According to Toula, they are â€Å"marry Greek boys, make Greek babies, and feed everyone until the day we die† (Zwick, 2002). This is a direct conflict of acculturation between the two. Toula’s mother, Maria, is more understanding of her situation than her father. She also wants Toula to marry a Greek man, but she understands that things are different in America and that love knows no bounds. She uses her wisdom to comfort both Toula, who is having a hard time dealing with breaking her father’s heart, and Gus, whose heart is broken because her daughter is breaking away from tradition by marrying a non-Greek. She practices both heritage consistency and inconsistency throughout the story. The Portokalos are practicing Greek Orthodox. They are very religious, as this was evidenced a few times in the movie. The first time was when Toula introduced the family to Ian at the Greek Orthodox Easter celebration. The other major time this was evidenced when Ian had to convert to Greek Orthodox in order to marry Toula. This was very important to Gus because it showed that Ian was attempting to assimilate into their family, and the Greek culture. Health Processes The Portokalos family interacts with each other on a daily basis. Because of this, they would be able to notice if one of them were to be in bad health, and could persuade them to go see their medical provider. According to Arends-Toth and Van de Vijver (2008), â€Å"the family can promote health-protective behaviors as family networks aid people in recognizing symptoms and seeking medical care in case of a suspected illness† (p 470). When the Portokalos extended family gets together, it centers around food. This is most evidenced when Toula is bringing Ian and his parents over to meet her parent. When they show up, the entire family is out in the front yard, with Gus roasting a lamb. When they go inside the house, food is sitting on every table. They do not eat in moderation, and every meal that the Portokalos are shown eating appears to be a feast. Their eating habits are a risk factor that could lead to obesity and health problems associated with obesity. The Portokalos also like to drink Ouzo, a popular liquor from Greece. Whenever there is a celebration, they breakout bottles of it and drink it throughout the celebration. They often drink this liquor in excess during the celebration. This abuse of alcohol could have very serious consequences to their health. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD)—and particularly cirrhosis—has long been one of the most prevalent and devastating conditions caused by alcohol consumption and is one of the leading causes of alcohol-related death (Mandrekar and Szabo 2010 p. 270). The Portokalos do not appear to be daily abusers of alcohol, however their reckless attitude towards drinking at celebrations, which appear to be often, could cause significant harm to their bodies. Family System Strengths The Greek family at the center of My Big Fat Greek Wedding is very influenced by their traditional heritage and values. While assessing the characteristics of their family system that promote health and stability, it is apparent that the family is grounded in tradition. The effect that this has is that there is no question what the family members’ roles and expectations are. This lack of confusion about what is expected offers a stable foundation for growth and discovery. Another quality that is displayed in this family’s system that is notable is the direct communication between family members. This quality comes across as a bit abrasive at first glance; however, upon considering the net effect of this quality, it is obviously better than lack of communication. The way that the Portakalos family is structured, each family member knows where they stand in relation to the other family members. Having such a firm grasp on your place in the world and where you come from can be quite an asset in forming one’s own identity. The consistent set of values combined with knowing your place in the family fosters a well rounded outlook that allows Toula to be aware of the impact of breaking tradition while having the courage to stand by her decision to marry outside of her Greek culture. The healthy dynamic that this family practices comes full circle when in the end when Toula’s family changes their tone, and become more supportive of Toula’s marriage to Ian. Toula’s family, even her headstrong father, is flexible enough to reassess their values and become open to, and even supportive of changes in tradition. Another aspect of this families practices that could be described as healthy is the way that the family listens to Gus rant and rave about all things Greek, even bending the truth a bit to convey his deep seeded pride in his native culture. They display tolerance by allowing Gus to explain how everything has Greek origin, while maintaining a more realistic sense of things that actually do have Greek origins, show that there is a balance that this family displays between things that warrant a confrontation and allowing a family member to be who they are. This shows that the Portakalos’ style of communication is healthy and stable. Toula’s family has a healthy family system in place in order to promote a healthy family structure. As stated by Barnhill (2001), â€Å"The themes of a healthy family include positive management of identity processes, change, information processing and role structure†(p 33). Toula’s family has a system in place that guides the family to an overall healthy environment. In conclusion, the family in My Big Fat Greek Wedding illustrates many of the components that make up a healthy and stable family. Their family structure is traditional to their culture. As with most families we see developmental stages matching their age perfectly as well as some late bloomers. Coping resources, as well as integrity fall into a wide range, from appropriate to less than appropriate. Health values seem to get trampled by tradition, and their family system seems to bring all of these components together to make up a typical happy family. References Arends-Toth, J. , Van de Vijver, F. (2008). Family relationships among immigrants and majority members in the Netherlands: the role of acculturation. Applied Psychlogy: An International Review, 57(3), 466-487. doi:10. 1111/j. 1464-0597. 2008. 00331. x Bagourdl, E. , Valsman-Tzachor, R. (2010). Are Greek-Americans Likely to Seek Psychotherapy?. Annals of the American Psychotherapy Association, 13(1), 36-41. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Greena, A. and Vryonides, M. (2005). Ideological Tensions in the Educational Choice Practices of Modern Greek Cypriot Parents: The Role of Social Capital. British Journal of Sociology of Education, Vol. 26, No. 3 (Jul. , 2005), pp. 27-342. Jarvis, Carolyn. (2008). Eriksons Developmental Stages. (2008). Physical Examination and Health Assessment. St . Louis, Missouri: Saunders Elsevier. Likeridou, K. , Hyrkas, K. , Paunonen, M. , ; Lehti, K. (2001). Family dynamics of child-bearing families in Athens, Greece: A pilot study. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 7(1), 30-37. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Nixon, R. (1982). Understanding the Greek Orthodox Church vol 107 issue 12, p 1230. Rodriquez, N, Mi ra, C, Paez, N, ; Myers, H. (2007). Exploring the complexities of familism and acculturation: central constructs for people of Mexican origin 3(1/2) 61-77. doi: 10. 1007/s10464-007-9090-7 Scourby, A. (1980). The Generations of Greek Americans: A study in Ethnicity. International Greek Interview p 43-52. Szabo, G, ; Mandrekar, P. (2010). Focus on:alcohol and the liver. Alcohol Research and Health, 33(1;2), Retrieved from http://pubs. niaaa. nih. gov/publications/arh40/toc33-1_2. htm Hanks, T. (Producer) ; Zwick, J. (Director). (2002). My Big Fat Greek Wedding [Motion Picture]. United States of America: Gold Circle Films.

Protest By Ucu Pensioners The WritePass Journal

Protest By Ucu Pensioners Introduction Protest By Ucu Pensioners ]. Journalism’s Woodstock. 2008. Old vs. new journalism in a decade of change. [online] Available at: http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=fKOWKBmyYSECpg=PA3dq=new+journalism+as+a+form+of+news+reportinghl=ensa=Xei=1zqMT5X9Kub3mAW98NzICQved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepageq=new%20journalism%20as%20a%20form%20of%20news%20reportingf=false [Accessed 16 April 2012]. Rich, C. 2010. Writing and reporting news: a coaching method. Boston, MA. Wadsworth Cengage learning. [online] Available at: http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=dZmvchOkFNoCpg=PA200dq=writing+a+news+story+like+a+novelhl=ensa=Xei=-QWMT8vhIYHIrQfK553RCwved=0CDMQ6AEwAA#v=onepageq=writing%20a%20news%20story%20like%20a%20novelf=false [Accessed 16 April 2012].

6 Reasons You Should Invest in Proofreading

6 Reasons You Should Invest in Proofreading 6 Reasons You Should Invest in Proofreading I was walking down the street the other day, when a man with a mad look in his eye approached me, shouting incoherently. â€Å"YOU’RE ONE OF ‘EM HECKIN’ PROOFREADERS, AIN’T YOU?† he bellowed, showering me with spittle. â€Å"Why yes, sir, I am,† I replied, â€Å"How can I help you?† â€Å"I DON’T NEED YOUR HELP!† he screamed, his face inches from my own, â€Å"WHAT GOOD HAS PROOFREADING EVER DONE NO-ONE?† Sighing wearily at the double negative, I took the shouting man aside and bought him a cup of coffee. I then explained the following points: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Proofreading Can Boost Your Grades Many colleges award additional marks for good spelling and grammar (sometimes up to 10% of your overall grade). This can make a big difference over the academic year. More importantly, having your work proofread will make it easier to read, which can make your arguments clearer and more convincing. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Automatic Spellcheckers are Unreliable The automatic spellchecker on your word processor is useful for catching basic errors, but it’s limited when it comes to proper nouns, technical terms, acronyms, homonyms and sentence structure (all things with which a proofreader can help you). 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Tyranny of Deadlines Whether you’re at college or in the office, many of us have heavy workloads and deadlines to meet. Having a professional check your work will save you valuable time and effort, making sure that you never miss another deadline. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Word Limits Part of proofreading is making sure your written work is concise and free from repetition. This is very helpful if you struggle to stay within the word limit on your assignments! 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fresh, Expert Eyes Even the best writers struggle to proofread their own work, no matter their level of linguistic expertise. A professional proofreader, on the other hand, comes to your writing fresh, which makes it easier to spot small errors that might otherwise get missed. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mistakes in Promotional Material are Bad for Business Research has shown that poorly written promotional material can attract bad press and incur significant costs. For example, the publisher Penguin had to recall and destroy 7,000 copies of a cookbook that included a recipe demanding â€Å"salt and freshly ground black people† when it should have said â€Å"salt and freshly ground black pepper. Oops. That’s $20,000 dollars that could have been saved with good proofreading. Once we had finished our coffee, the previously furious man seemed much calmer. â€Å"Oh my,† he said, no longer expectorating, â€Å"I had no idea! My sincere apologies! From now on, I will always have my written work checked by a professional!† And with that he left, leaving me sat alone in the coffee shop, despairing over a misplaced apostrophe in the menu.

DOES FUTURE OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING LIE IN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT Essay

DOES FUTURE OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING LIE IN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING - Essay Example In the early days when people started conducting trade they learned to arrange financial information in a systematic manner. As time progressed further the concept of accounting gained popularity and people introduced several changes to make it more effective and useful for maintaining financial records. Management accounting is a branch of the traditional accounting system that is used by the managers to obtain the valuable information about the business. Management accounting plays a vital role in the decision making process. Managers use management accounting to derive information while making business decisions. With time the international business environment has undergone several changes. Due to the effect of globalisation, businesses have lost their geographical boundaries; therefore there has been a requirement of an accounting system that assists in understanding global business environments. The governments of the different nations are also more concerned in making the business activities more transparent by making the accounting standards stringent. Therefore, the management has to maintain an effective accounting system so that information regarding the external environment can be used to make the business policies proactive. Requirement of an effective and advanced accounting system has resulted in the development of a strategic accounting system. In the given project a thorough comparison will be made between management accounting system and strategic accounting system. The main aim is to analyse how far strategic accounting system is effective in overcoming the drawbacks of management accounting system and to assist managers in developing a sustainable business environment. Management accounting provides the information required by the managers for planning, controlling and decision making (Jiambalvo, 2007, p.2). In the process of decision making related to resources allocation, making

Reasons Why Free Trade Has a Negative Impact on a Country's Economy Research Paper

Reasons Why Free Trade Has a Negative Impact on a Country's Economy - Research Paper Example Sadly, their effort to make the country open to goods from other countries and the desire to lower tariffs on items sold by America in the market of other nations backfired big time on the U.S. economy. Rather than raising the standards of international manufacture and creating a most conducive international business market, the cheap products that flooded the market were of inferior quality and did nothing to help ease the high tariffs that was pegged onto U.S. goods by the other nations in the free trade zone. In effect, by opening up America to goods from other nations, most of which are imitation items that pass themselves off as Class A goods, the political and economic leaders of the country themselves helped crash the American economy. There are a number of reasons as to why the citizens of America may wish to buy foreign made goods. It could be that there is a demand for the item which is not manufactured in America. Or maybe the item cost is much lower if they purchase one t hat is not American made. Whatever the reason, a market exists for Americans who prefer to buy foreign made goods. ... The reason that the American economy has managed to survive all the years prior to the advent of free trade was really quite simple. The money was spent within American shores and thus helped move the economy along through taxes collected and the salary of the people working in the field of manufacture. The demand for goods and services actually spurred the economy by creating jobs and balancing both the local and national government budgets. But the U.S. is currently experiencing a massive trade imbalance that has resulted in a lop sided economy and has forced America to compete in a massive free trade scale. The competition is heating up and it seems like the United States is not equipped to compete at such a level. The country fails to compete because Americans have lost sight of what is truly important in a global economy, the survival of one's own economy. Instead, American corporations have resorted to off shore manufacturing in an effort to compete in the free trade market. Sa dly, a U.S. brand not made in the United States is a totally different item or level of service when compared with a U.S. brand created and maintained within the borders of the United States. American workers are considered a liability in today's free-trade market because of the high cost of labor that they demand. It is because of these over pampered work force that factories and support systems have been moved to countries where people can manage to survive on a dollar a day. It is more appealing to the owners of companies to pay slave labor wages rather than give in to the exorbitant cost of manufacturing goods and creating support systems for their company within the United States. (Snyder, Michael â€Å"55 Reasons Why

Voting Age Essay Example for Free

Voting Age Essay Democracy is an egalitarian form of government in which all the citizens of a nation together determine public policy, the laws and the actions of their state, requiring that all citizens (meeting certain qualifications) have an equal opportunity to express their opinion. And that opinion is expressed by the simple act of voting which is one of the most important human rights . In lebanon , we get introduced to that concept at a young age in school when kids get to vote for their class president for instance, then we develop a better understand of its political aspect at university. During the 19th century , the most common age at which the citizens acquired the right to vote was 21 or higher . However , by the end of the 20th century the voting age has become 18 in almost all countries with the exception of Lebanon and a few others. Some people believe that Lebanon should lower its voting age from 21 to 18 and many proposals were made regarding that , but are 18 years old here mature enough to make such decisions? Does the Lebanese history allow them to vote independently despite their parents cival war grudges? And finally are we ready to disturb our sectarian balance with the deluge of new voters? In most western countries , when you reach adulthood you become on your own . You move out of your parents house , get a job to pay for your own education and move on from there . Whereas that’s not the case in Lebanon . Rare are the people that leave home at 18 here due to many traditional beliefs youth usually stay with their parents till their married. Thus we don’t learn responsibility at this young age like adults in other countries. It might be true that giving younger people voting rights will force politicians to take them seriously but its also very dangerous 18 year olds although in adult bodies, still have the mind of children that have to be protected . At 21 , their political views are likely to be more thoughtful than at 18 who are just going to copy their parents opinions or adopt silly ideas for the sake of rebellion such as voting for legalizing drugs .. In addition , Lebanon has suffered from a 16 –year civil war. Even though it ended 22 years a go we are still enduring its consequences til this day. So arguments and rules that apply to other countries cant be applied here. The Youth campaign and the Civil one that proposed the lowering of the voting age should reconsider the fact that youth here are very much influenced by their parents who  faught in the civil war and still hold family grudges against each other. They are not independent with their political thoughts , they seek vengeance for their parents instead of making conscious decisions based on knowledge and education after the university experience . Furthermore, university elections have clearly shown over the years that Lebanese youth are not ready or mature enough for this kind of responsibility with all the clashes that has been happening between youth that follow different political parties like the fight between supporters of the Future Movement and Haraket Amal at the Lebanese American University in November 2011 that led to many injuries or even different clashes at Notre Dame University, Lebanese university and others†¦ Last but not least , the main reason why the Lebanese Parliament has rejected the bill to lower the voting age from 21 to 18 is the fact that it led to a sharp division between Muslim and Christian politicians. Lebanon has 18 different sects, that function according to a sectarian law . it seems amending the voting age would add far more Muslims than Christians to voter rolls . Rabih Haber, president of the research company Statistics Lebanon, have done an approximate study and got his numbers from the Interior Ministry . It says that with the new voters, it would add nearly 175,000 Muslims and around 58,000 Christians to the roles with Shia Muslims being the sect with the most potential new voters. To change the voting age , lawmakers must amend the constitution which requires the support of two-thirds of both the cabinet and Parliament which will not happen because different Political Parties have different benefits and this law is only beneficial for Huzballah and Amal and disturbing the sectarian balance in a country like Lebanon can’t be healthy . In Conclusion , I think the perfect age for voting in Lebanon is 21 since at that age the youth have enough maturity and independence to make their own decisions without basing it on history feuds and parental brainwashing. Plus I don’t think Lebanon can afford an instability in its sectarian system just yet . Maybe if we were more politically stable , that change would have been possible but with these conditions I think giving 18 year olds the right to vote can be very dangerous and they might use it in foolish ways . References: http://www.nowlebanon.com/NewsArchiveDetails.aspx?ID=142180 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_age http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Politics/2011/Nov-01/152795-student-supporters-of-hariri-berri-fight-at-beirut-university.ashx#axzz1qUe64XuF http://www.euromedp.org/testimonies/lebanon/

Essay --

â€Å"You cannot hinder someone’s free will, that’s the first law of the Universe, no matter what the decision.† ― E.A. Bucchianeri One of the most controversial debates in the United States is abortion. It remains a highly politicized issue based on morality, gender roles, political ideology, personal responsi ¬bility and human rights. Even with increased state restrictions and the anti-choice movement’s efforts to limit abortion, half of unin ¬tended pregnancies in the United States still end in abortion (Mohr, 1979). When discussing abortion it is easy to get lost in your own views whether they are pro-choice or pro-life but ultimately one must remain mindful that though highly debatable; abortion is legal within the United States and it is the women’s choice what they decide to do with their bodies. This quote directly relates to the current Abortion Op-out policy revolving around abortion. The current debate of abortion surrounds around the most recent Affordable Car Act (healthcare reform law) which began under the Obama Administration. The law allows states (through legislation) to prohibit abortion coverage in qualified health plans offered through an exchange. If insurance coverage for abortion is included in a plan in the exchange, a separate premium is required for this coverage paid for by the policyholder. (Bailey, 2011) To this date close to 30 states have passed the Abortion Opt-Out Law and have already began enforcing it or plan to begin in 2014. In Michigan this law was initially vetoed by Governor Synder but later petitioned and will most likely be added to the ballot in November 2014. The enactment of this law has effects on the economy in many different ways. It has the ability to hinder a woman’s decisions when ... ...bortion laws and restrictions pro-choice are fighting to destroy those laws and restriction. It is a constant ongoing political battle for pro-choice and pro-life supporters as there will always be conflict regarding the issue. Conclusion All in all, it takes a lot of effort to evoke social change and make social policies. It takes the support of social movement organizations, political legislators, and community activist. Together they all look at the effects the policy would have on the economy and the individuals. When it comes to Abortion Opt-Out it has been founded that many American’s are in support of the law and while they do support abortion they do not wish public funds to pay for it. Though the restrictive laws are tedious and cumbersome the outcomes of the children who are born into families that want them ultimately have positive outcomes later in life.

How to Change Bad to Good

In a society where children can no longer be spanked because it's considered child abuse, gun violence is at an all time high, and parents fear what ay happen as they are sending their children off to school, it's difficult to watch the evening news anymore. There was a time where people would leave the house to go to the grocery store for a loaf of bread and leave their doors unlocked. Today, if you leave your doors unlocked, there is a high probability you will be burglarized.What is the world coming to and is the Justice system really serving its purpose if there are so many repeated offenses, and in some cases, repeat offenders? For Assignment One for this week, I shared information about Singapore Criminal Justice System. The information I learned through my research was astounding. Singapore has one of the lowest crime rates in the world and while many feel Singapore punishments are inhumane and extreme, some feel Corporal punishment would allow individuals contemplating crimin al activity to think twice before they act out on impulsion.In 1994, American teenager Michael Fay was caned four strokes and sentenced to four months in Jail for vandalizing cars and public property, despite the United States appeals for a different sentence (The Wall Street Journal, 2010). After the caning and turning to the United States, Michael Fay was involved in a butane accident, burning his face and hands, and was subsequently admitted to the Hazarded rehabilitation program, located in Minnesota, for butane abuse (People Magazine, 1994, pig 60). According to People Magazine (1994), Fay blamed his butane abuse on his experience in Singapore.Following the butane incident, Michael Fay continued his troubles with the law. In Florida in 1996, he was cited for several traffic violations (The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, pig 82) and in 1998, Fay was charged with drug rappelling and possession of marijuana (Askew, 1998, pig 1). Did Fay continue to break the law in the United State s because he knew Corporal Punishment was not an option and his punishment would be much lighter than caning, or can his misdoings' really be a direct correlation to his caning experience?Why do people commit crime? Is there a difference between a man stealing a turkey at Thanksgiving because he is homeless and a man stealing clothing so he can then turn around and sell it to support his bad drug habit? It seems as though there should be a difference, et both men could face the same sentence. There are underlying psychological reasons why people commit crimes, however, some may be more reasonable than others. But then again, who defines reasonable? I believe in order to allow Justice to prevail; you must understand the criminal at hand.Why did the person commit the crime? Is the person a threat to society? Can the person be rehabilitated if given the correct direction and opportunities? Sentences should be appropriate to the crime committed. If a man steals a turkey because he is ho meless and is trying to eat, what DOD is it going to do sending him to Jail when he knows he will be giving a warm place to sleep and food to eat? Wouldn't that antagonize him to continue to steal? Instead of sending him to Jail, send him to work.Order him to pay for what he stole and continue to hold a steady Job so he is able to pay for food, contribute to society and show remorse for the crime committed out of disparity. If a man is stealing clothing to sell it for a drug habit, again, the situation should be assessed. Is he a threat to society and would he continue to steal if his substance abuse problem was obliterated? Instead of sending him to Jail, send him to a rehabilitation center. However, do not send the defendant to rehab for ninety days.If someone has a substance abuse problem severe enough to steal, ninety days is not going to rehabilitate the individual. An extensive rehabilitation program is called for. Repeated offenders are a concern. If the individual did not le arn from their prior punishment, it is obvious there must be some sort of attempt to mislead and commit crimes without being caught. For those individuals, they should be sentenced accordingly, and then sent to the military. The enlisting time should depend on the offense committed and their prior criminal history.As a victim of crime, I understand that Justice is not always served in the way some feel it should be served. For example, there are plenty of homicide cases reported in the news where the accused has been convicted before on murder charges. Why is this person out on the streets? If a person murders someone intentionally, there is absolutely no excuse for why they should be given another chance. I am a big proponent for Capital Punishment. If money takes a life, why should they be allowed to continue their life?There is a local municipal Judge in my area that I have much respect for, as do others in the community. His name is Judge Continent. Judge Continent believes in c reative sentencing. He has sentenced a woman who abandoned kittens in a box in the woods during the winter season to a night spent in the woods. He has sentenced a man who called a police officer a â€Å"pig† to stand on a busy city street corner with an actual pig and a sign that read â€Å"Police Officers are NOT pigs. † It is hard not to laugh at some of Hess sentences, but it does seem very close to the â€Å"eye for an eye† mentality, which I thoroughly support.I believe that if this type of mentality was used when handing down all sentences, the element of suspense and criminals thinking they will get a slap on the wrist will soon disappear. If the sentence is known before the crime is committed, and the sentences are uniform, people may think twice before committing a crime, especially if they know they will be subjected to the same treatment they caused someone else to endure. Is there really a quick fix for the United States Criminal Justice System?

Review of New Types of Relation Extraction Methods

This is explained by the fact that patterns do not tend to uniquely identify the given relation. The systems which participated in MUCH and deal with relation extraction also rely on rich rules for identifying relations (Fought et al. 1 998; Gargling et al. 1998; Humphreys et al. 1998). Humphreys et al. 1998) mention that they tried to add only those rules which were (almost) certain never to generate errors in analysis; therefore, they had adopted a low recall and high precision approach. However, in this case, many relations may be missed due to the lack of unambiguous rules to extract them.To conclude, knowledge-based methods are not easily portable to other domains and involve too much manual labor. However, they can be used effectively if the main aim is to get results quickly in well-defined domains and document collections. 5 Supervised Methods Supervised methods rely on a training set where domain-specific examples eave been tagged. Such systems automatically learn extractors for relations by using machine-learning techniques. The main problem of using these methods is that the development of a suitably tagged corpus can take a lot of time and effort.On the other hand, these systems can be easily adapted to a different domain provided there is training data. There are different ways that extractors can be learnt in order to solve the problem of supervised relation extraction: kernel methods (Shoo and Grossman 2005; Bunches and Mooney 2006), logistic regression (Kamala 2004), augmented parsing (Miller et al. 2000), Conditional Random Fields CRY) (Calcutta et al. 2006). In RE in general and supervised RE in particular a lot of research was done for IS-A relations and extraction of taxonomies.Several resources were built based on collaboratively built Wisped (YOGA – (Issuance et al. 2007); Depended – (Rue et al. 2007); Freebase – (Blacker et al. 2008); Wicking (Instates et al. 2010)). In general, Wisped is becoming more and more popula r as a source for RE. E. G. (Opponent and Strobe 2007; Unguent et al. AAA, b, c). Query logs are also considered a valuable source of information for RE and their analysis is even argued to give better results than other suggested methods in the field (Passes 2007, 2009). 5. 19 Weakly-supervised Methods Some supervised systems also use bootstrapping to make construction of the training data easier. These methods are also sometimes referred to as â€Å"huckleberries information extraction†. Bring (1998) describes the DIPPER (Dual Iterative Pattern Relation Expansion) method used for identifying authors of the books. It uses an initial small set of seeds or a set of hand- constructed extraction patterns to begin the training process. After the occurrences of needed information are found, they are further used for recognition of new patterns.Regardless of how promising bootstrapping can seem, error propagation becomes a serious problem: mistakes in extraction at the initial stag es generate more mistakes at later stages and decrease the accuracy of the extraction process. For example, errors that expand to named entity recognition, e. G. Extracting incomplete proper names, result in choosing incorrect seeds for the next step of bootstrapping. Another problem that can occur is that of semantic drift. This happens when senses of the words are not taken into account and therefore each iteration results in a move from the original meaning.Some researchers (Korea and How 2010; Hove et al. 2009; Korea et al. 2008) have suggested ways to avoid this problem and enhance the performance of this method by using doubly- anchored patterns (which include both the class name and a class member) as well as graph structures. Such patterns have two anchor seed positions â€Å"{type} such as {seed} and *† and also one open position for the terms to be learnt, for example, pattern â€Å"Presidents such as Ford and {X}† can be used to learn names of the presidents .Graphs are used for storing information about patterns, found words and links to entities they helped to find. This data is further used for calculating popularity and productivity of the candidate words. This approach helps to enhance the accuracy of bootstrapping and to find high-quality information using only a few seeds. Korea (2012) employs a similar approach for the extraction Of cause-effect relations, where the pattern for bootstrapping has a form of â€Å"X and Y verb Z†, for example, and virus cause Human-based evaluation reports 89 % accuracy on 1500 examples. Self-supervised Systems Self-supervised systems go further in making the process of information extraction unsupervised. The Knolling Web II system (Edition et al. 2005), an example of a self-supervised system, learns â€Å"to label its own training examples using only a small set of domain-independent extraction patterns†. It uses a set of generic patterns to automatically instantiate relation-specif ic extraction rules and then learns domain-specific extraction rules and the whole process is repeated iteratively. The Intelligence in Wisped (IPP) project (Weld et al. 2008) is another example of a self-supervised system.It bootstraps from the Wisped corpus, exploiting the fact that each article corresponds to a primary object and that any articles contain infusions (brief tabular information about the article). This system is able to use Wisped infusions as a starting point for training 20 the classifiers for the page type. IPP trains extractors for the various attributes and they can later be used for extracting information from general Web pages. The disadvantage of IPP is that the amount of relations described in Wisped infusions is limited and so not all relations can be extracted using this method. . 1 Open Information Extraction Edition et al. (2008) introduced the notion of Open Information Extraction, which is opposed to Traditional Relation Extraction. Open information e xtraction is â€Å"a novel extraction paradigm that tackles an unbounded number of relations†. This method does not presuppose a predefined set of relations and is targeted at all relations that can be extracted. The Open Relation extraction approach is relatively a new one, so there is only a small amount of projects using it. Texturing (Bank and Edition 2008; Bank et al. 2007) is an example of such a system.A set of relinquishment's lexicon-syntactic patterns is used to build a relation- independent extraction model. It was found that 95 % Of all relations in English can be described by only 8 general patterns, e. G. â€Å"El Verb E â€Å". The input of such a system is only a corpus and some relation-independent heuristics, relation names are not known in advance. Conditional Random Fields (CRY) are used to identify spans of tokens believed to indicate explicit mentions of relationships between entities and the whole problem of relation extraction is treated as a problem of sequence labeling.The set of linguistic features used in this system is similar to those used by other state of-the-art relation extraction systems and includes e. G. Part-of-speech tags, regular expressions for detection of capitalization and punctuation, context words. At this stage of development this system â€Å"is able to extract instances of the four most frequently observed relation types: Verb, Noun+Prep, Verb+Prep and Infinitive†. It has a number of limitations, which are however common to all RE systems: it extracts only explicitly expressed relations that are primarily word-based; relations should occur between entity names within the same sentence.Bank and Edition (2008) report a precision of 88. 3 % and a recall of 45. 2 Even though the system shows very good results the relations are not pacified and so there are difficulties in using them in some other systems. Output Of the system consists Of tepees stating there is some relation between two entities, but there is no generalization of these relations. Www and Weld (2010) combine the idea of Open Relation Extraction and the use of Wisped infusions and produce systems called Weepers and Weeps . Weepers improves Texturing dramatically but it is 30 times slower than Texturing.However, Weeps does not have this disadvantage and still shows an improved F-measure over Texturing between 1 5 % to 34 % on three corpora. Fader et al. 201 1) identify several flaws in previous works in Open Information Extraction: â€Å"the learned extractors ignore both â€Å"holistic† aspects of the relation phrase (e. G. , is it contiguous? ) as well as lexical aspects (e. G. , how many instances of this relation are there? )†. They target these problems by introducing syntactic constraints (e. G. , they require the relation phrase to match the POS tag 21 pattern) and lexical constraints.Their system Revere achieves an AUK which is 30 % better than WOE (Www and Weld 201 0) and Texturing (Bank and Denton 2008). Unshackles et al. (AAA) approach this problem from another angle. They try to mine for patterns expressing various relations and organism then in hierarchies. They explore binary relations between entities and employ frequent items mining (Augural et al. 1993; Syrians and Augural 1 996) to identify the most frequent patterns. Their work results in a resource called PATTY which contains 350. 69 pattern sunsets and substitution relations and achieves 84. 7 % accuracy. Unlike Revere (Fader et al. 201 1) which constrains patterns to verbs or verb phrases that end with prepositions, PATTY can learn arbitrary patterns. The authors employ so called syntactic- ontological-lexical patterns (SOL patterns). These patterns constitute a sequence of words, POS-tags, wildcats, and ontological types. For example, the pattern â€Å"persons [ads] voice * song† would match the strings my Heinousness soft voice in Rehab and Elvis Presley solid voice in his song All shook up.Their approach is based on collecting dependency paths from the sentences where two named entities are tagged (YACHT (Hoffa et al. 2011) is used as a database of all Ones). Then the textual pattern is extracted by finding the shortest paths connecting two entities. All of these patterns are transformed into SOL (abstraction of a textual pattern). Frequent items quinine is used for this: all textual patterns are decomposed into n-grams (n consecutive words). A SOL pattern contains only the n-grams that appear frequently in the corpus and the remaining word sequences are replaced by wildcats.The support set of the pattern is described as the set of pairs of entities that appear in the place Of the entity placeholders in all strings in the corpus that match the pattern. The patterns are connected in one sunset (so are considered synonymous) if their supporting sets coincide. The overlap of the supporting sets is also employed to identify substitution relations between various sunsets. . 2 Di stant Learning Mint et al. (2009) introduce a new term â€Å"distant supervision†. The authors use a large semantic database Freebase containing 7,300 relations between 9 million named entities.For each pair of entities that appears in Freebase relation, they identify all sentences containing those entities in a large unlabeled corpus. At the next step textual features to train a relation classifier are extracted. Even though the 67,6 % of precision achieved using this method has room for improvement, it has inspired many researchers to further investigate in this direction. Currently there are a number of papers ring to enhance â€Å"distant learning† in several directions. Some researchers target the heuristics that are used to map the relations in the databases to the texts, for example, (Takeouts et al. 01 2) argue that improving matching helps to make data less noisy and therefore enhances the quality of relation extraction in general. Hay et al. (2010) propose us ing an undirected graphical model for relation extraction which employs â€Å"distant learning' but enforces selection preferences. Ridded et al. (2010) reports 31 % error reduction compared to (Mint et al. 2009). 22 Another problem that has been addressed is language ambiguity (Hay et al. 01 1, 2012). Most methods cluster shallow or syntactic patterns of relation mentions, but consider only one possible sense per pattern.However, this assumption is often violated in reality. Hay et al. (201 1) uses generative probabilistic models, where both entity type constraints within a relation and features on the dependency path between entity mentions are exploited. This research is similar to DIRT (Line and Panatela 2001 ) which explores distributional similarity of dependency paths in order to discover different representations of the same semantic relation. However, Hay et al. (2011) employ another approach and apply IDA (Belie et al. 2003) with a slight modification: observations are re lation tepees and not words.So as a result of this modification instead of representing semantically related words, the topic latent variable represents a relation type. The authors combine three models: Reel-LAD, Reel-LDAP and Type-LAD. In the third model the authors split the features of a duple into relation level features and entity level features. Relation level features include the dependency path, trigger, lexical and POS features; entity level features include the entity mention itself and its named entity tag. These models output clustering of observed relation tepees and their associated textual expressions.

How to Write a Sports Term Paper The Guide from Qualified Academic Writers

How to Write a Sports Term Paper The Guide from Qualified Academic Writers What Is a Sports Term Paper? Students learning sports-related subjects often find it interesting to research a topic for the advancement of their knowledge on the question. The sports term paper aims to enable the student to reveal the depth and clarity of understanding of the studied course. Therefore, such work is often assigned at the end of the semester for the student to apply theories, concepts, and terms within the research of a suitable field. The directions for sports term paper subjects are tenfold, ranging from the medical input in the industry to psychology in team roles or nutrition. It is significant to write a term paper that pertains directly to the needed topic. While it may be interesting to write about the favorite sport or its history, a sports term paper demands the support of personal opinion with research. Below there are selected advice on writing a sports term paper that will assist in managing the writing process, choosing a suitable topic and understanding the expectations of the prescribed work. How to Choose a Sports Term Paper Topic? The choice of a topic for a sports term paper depends on a wide range of factors. For instance, when learning specifically about a sport, such as a football or a basketball, it would be suitable to write a structured report with updates on recent achievements, analysis of the sphere, the interaction between teams. However, when studying subjects related to medical science, dietary, general physical training or sports physiology, it is necessary to focus on finding topics that relate directly to the chosen field. These are the most common sports term paper topics: The Impact of Steroids on the Immune System of Sports Players; The Evaluation of Methods in Assisting with Arm Trauma; Rehabilitation of Football Players After Brain Injuries; Injury Prevention Strategies for Powerlifters and Bodybuilders; Effects of a Balanced Diet on the Performance of Gymnasts in the Olympics. Thus, the topics may pertain to an array of studies. It would not be a mistake to coordinate the topic choice with the professor. Pre-Writing Tips Once the topic for the sports term paper is selected, there starts preparation for the research and writing. The critical advice relates to the need for understanding the limitations, controversies or inconsistencies in reporting of data of the chosen subject. It will assist in providing a novelty to the research, what in turn would support its validity. However, to write compelling arguments and lucid interpretations of ideas, it is necessary to conduct preliminary research. Further, before the beginning of the writing process, it is advisable to manage the personal timetable in a way that would allow working consistently on the term paper throughout an extended period. As term paper requires up to a dozen pages, devoting time to research and writing will simplify the coordination of the process, and enable to evaluate own arguments. Leaving the term paper till the deadline would lead to the constrained research along with lack of clarity, logical sequence, and organization. How to Conduct Research for a Sports Term Paper? Research is the most critical part of working on the sports term paper. The goal of such work is to learn valuable and relevant information about the chosen topic. It involves reading academic literature, such as books, journal articles, scientific magazines, reports, or other. The following sources relate directly to varying sport-related fields of study that could be used in the research: Vos, B. C., Nieuwenhuijsen, K., Sluiter, J. K. (2017). Consequences of Traumatic Brain Injury in Professional American Football Players. (https://journals.lww.com/cjsportsmed/Fulltext/2018/03000/Consequences_of_Traumatic_Brain_Injury_in.1.aspx) Mitchell, L., Hackett, D., Gifford, J., Estermann, F., O’Connor, H. (2017). Do Bodybuilders Use Evidence-Based Nutrition Strategies to Manipulate Physique? (mdpi.com/2075-4663/5/4/76/html) Mackenzie, C. (2018). Ironic effects in softball pitching: How knowing information about an opponents strengths affects athletic performance under pressure(https://etd.ohiolink.edu/pg_10?0::NO:10:P10_ACCESSION_NUM:akron1523274403849214) Oliveira, W., Couto, A., Santos, M., Santos, V., Silva, F. (n.d.). Influence of biological maturation on the body mass index of young soccer players. (https://search.proquest.com/openview/6e5edd10927137eb095750a2288d5df9/1?pq-origsite=gscholarcbl=616555) Mills, J. P., Boardley, I. D. (2016, December 19). Advancing Leadership in Sport: Time to Actually Take the Blinkers Off? (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs40279-016-0661-3) These sources are either accessible to read for free or require membership of the database. However, the majority of universities holds library partnerships with such databases. Therefore, to get the scholarly sources for the term paper, a student can contact the college library. Further, a researcher should take notes when reading. It will help to identify the critical points of each reference to utilize in writing. While it may be convenient to conduct online research, a writer should not hesitate to take printed journals from the university’s library or purchase books in the stores to get the most up-to-date information. Structure of a Sports Term Paper Depending on the guidelines of the task distributed in class there will be several suitable structures of the sports term paper. However, there are common sections that are present among the guidelines in the field related to sports. For instance, the article could start with an abstract that will define the critical areas of the term paper. In other formats, a summary would be excessive. Therefore, the introduction paragraph will be enough to provide an overview of the selected topic. Further, a sports term paper will hold several body paragraphs. A writer should be eager to give sub-headings to different sections of the work. Finally, there will be a conclusion providing an overview of the results of the research, followed by the reference page. If a researcher chooses to sustain elaborated arguments with empirical research, he or she should consider adding methodology, discussions and results sections with an appendix following the referencing. Title Each sports term paper should be headed with a title. Depending on the complexity of the selected topic, the title will vary. However, it is necessary to avoid turning a title into a thesis statement or abstract. It should reflect the studied theme and core subject of the term paper. The following sentences provide several examples of suitable titles: Development Strategies of Nutrition Plans for Football Players Evaluation of Impact of Organic Steroids on Gymnasts Performance Coordination of Team Spirit in Transformation of Sports Teams Morale Differences in Male and Female Injuries During the First Year of Varsity Basketball Assessment of Illnesses and Injuries of Canadian Male Hockey Players from 1990 till 2015 The title will be different depending on the selected topic. It should describe the subject directly and openly. A successful title will consist of several words providing relative information while avoiding going into too much detail. Outline After the research on the topic is finished, it is possible to start drafting the outline. The role of this element is to establish a clear understanding of the way the term paper will be structured. It will be helpful to set the critical ideas into varying sections to establish their logical sequence. In contrast with an argumentative paper or an essay, a term paper does not require the description of contrary ideas to the stated claims. Thus, an appropriate practice is to concentrate on issuing one argument and drafting an outline with notions that reinforce it. The framework will hold the main discussions and, at least, three supporting claims for each. Finally, it will provide the core structure to be further filled with topic sentences, summaries, conclusion, and other sections. Thesis Statement The final sentence concluding the introduction is known as a thesis statement. It provides a concise overview of all arguments discussed in the term paper. Avoiding oversimplification or excessively composite sentence structure is essential. Primarily, a researcher should identify at least three claims to issue in the term paper, combining them with the background for them and solution. The following sentences refer to properly-written thesis statements: Evaluation of impression management techniques will provide measures for leadership advancement, interaction and tactics of the Lakers team for active play in the 2019-2020 NBA tournament. Amateur athletes are at the highest risk of injuries in CrossFit due to the unsupervised consumption of waste-shrinking, image-enhancing, and weight-loss steroids. The balance of nutrients in football player’s diet can be attained through the careful count of calories, individually selected food and considerate consumption. It is vital to focus on the main arguments of the term paper to succeed in thesis statement writing. The following examples refer to sentences that represent a poorly written thesis: Healthy food is important for sports players. Identification of prevention strategies will help the team. Football is one of the most traumatic sports. Therefore, a writer must devote extra time to writing the thesis statement and correlate each part of the sentence with the structure of the term paper. Body Paragraphs The body paragraphs should provide the core information about each argument. It is significant to maintain the structure of a body paragraph to at least five sentences with referencing in the middle sentences to elaborate on the chosen research source. For instance, injuries in sports can occur in any setting including playgrounds, backyards or hobbies related to physical activity. To establish the claim in a body paraph, a writer will need to reinforce the stance using statistics or metrics that support such a notion. As a result, it will be evident that each claim is not subjective, but supported by data from research. Separate body paragraphs should reinforce its’ strengths, proving the objectivity and validity of data. Methodology The methodology section of a sports term paper will be relevant to students who decide to add empirical evidence to their writing. For example, it could be used while researching the demographic changes in the injury prevention of the college’s basketball team. In research, a writer can decide to set a survey for the current players to assess their consideration and strategies to promote the safety of the play. In the methodology section, it would be useful to describe the reasons for choosing to survey the team players. Furthermore, there is a need to explain the process of drafting questions, evaluations answers and incorporating them into the term paper’s subject. Each correlation, comparison or assessment should be supported with charts, graphics or tables. The methodology section is where a student will explain the process of handling such a notion. Results and Discussion The final section of the sports term paper with empirical research refers to the results and discussion. The first part of the results section applies to the identification of the primary outcomes of the study. For example, a researcher writes about the matters that you learned during the investigation, provide an evaluate the strengths of solutions to the concern, or other. In the discussion section, he or she should focus on the overview of the context of the subject. Then, predict the value of the topic for the future years, assess the solutions and clarify the research need for continuing studying the selected issue. These sections provide an overview of the results of the term paper. They aim to reveal the authors’ evaluation skills and knowledge of theories to apply to the researched field. The term paper is not a Ph.D. work. Therefore, there is no need to feel challenged by such sections. Post-Writing Tips from Our Top Writing Experts After finishing the last writing sections of the sports term paper, it is necessary to read the complete draft several times. Such process relates to proofreading and editing. The former refers to the identification of grammar or style mistakes. These are minor notions that can be easily missed while writing. Proofreading provides an opportunity to double check the spelling, punctuation, and usage of articles. The critical idea to consider when editing and proofreading is the logical sequence of arguments. Each paragraph should provide the considerate and precise description of the evidence without motivating readers to submit additional questions to clarify the final stance on the subject. The next stage is checking the formatting requirements to comply with the guidelines outlined in the assignment guidelines. The title should be capitalized and personal information listed on the cover page. Further, the reference page has to be edited correctly with the required italics, capitalizations, and punctuation. References The final page of the sports term paper is the list of references, works cited or bibliography section. The goal of this part of the term paper is to provide the sources used throughout the term paper to support given claims, ideas or quotes. A reference implies a line with information about the author of the reading, its title, publication, and other relevant information. There are several referencing formats generally used in class. For instance, these include MLA, APA, Chicago Turabian, Harvard, ASA or other. However, the most commonly assigned referencing style for sports term papers is APA. The reference below is a proper citation of a book to use in a sports term paper. Yesalis, C. (2000). Anabolic Steroids in Sport and Exercise (2nd ed.). New York: Human Kinetics. A rule is to cite each source used in the term paper in the alphabetical order. In the APA writing style, there is no need to provide footnotes. However, there is a requirement to paste in-text citation. They would appear in the end of the sentence, where the writer uses the source in the following way: (Yesalis, 2000). Overall, a sports term paper requires concentration, time, research and a clear understanding of the selected topic. Before starting to write, it is necessary to organize an outline that will save time on connecting the parts of the paper. Moreover, the visual separation of the writing parts will simplify the research. It is vital to find relevant scholarly sources to support the writer’s ideas. The listed advice on referencing sources is an essential notion for a proper grade. Students should not hesitate to write several drafts and share them with their professor to get feedback before turning it to the final version. Furthermore, the ordered work should be original. Therefore, avoidance of plagiarism is a critical notion of keeping in mind while writing. Sports term paper is a useful task to prepare for a further sports research paper. While instructors do not expect to receive full-scale research, incorporation of the basic research principles will boost the final grade and enhance the additional work on the research paper.

Understanding the Nazi Idea of Volksgemeinschaft

Understanding the Nazi Idea of Volksgemeinschaft The Volksgemeinschaft was a central element in Nazi thinking, although it has proved difficult for historians to determine whether this was an ideology or just a nebulous concept built from propaganda displays. Essentially the Volksgemeinschaft was a new German society which rejected old religions, ideologies, and class divisions, instead forming a united German identity based around ideas of race, struggle, and state leadership. The Racist State The aim was the creation of the Volk, a nation or people made up of the most superior of the human races. This concept was derived from a simplistic corruption of Darwinian and relied on Social Darwinism, the idea that humanity was composed of different races, and these competed with one another for dominance: only the best race would lead after a survival of the fittest. Naturally the Nazis thought they were the Herrenvolk- Master Race- and they considered themselves to be pure Aryans; every other race was inferior, with some like Slavs, Romany, and Jews at the bottom of the ladder, and while the Aryans had to be kept pure, the bottom could be exploited, hated and eventually liquidated. The Volksgemeinschaft was thus inherently racist and contributed greatly to the Nazi’s attempts at mass extermination. The Nazi State The Volksgemeinschaft didn’t just exclude different races, as competing ideologies were also rejected. The Volk was to be a one party state where the leader- currently Hitler- was accorded unquestioning obedience from his citizens, who handed over their freedoms in exchange for- in theory- their part in a smoothly functioning machine. ‘Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Fuhrer’: one people, one empire, one leader. Rival ideas like democracy, liberalism or- especially repugnant to the Nazis- communism was rejected, and many of their leaders arrested and imprisoned. Christianity, despite being promised protection from Hitler, also had no place in the Volk, as it was a rival to the central state and a successful Nazi government would have brought it to an end. Blood and Soil Once the Volksgemeinschaft had pure members of its master race, it needed things for them to do, and the solution was to be found in an idealistic interpretation of German history. Everyone in the Volk was to work together for the common good but to do it in accordance with mythical German values which portrayed the classic noble German as a land working peasant giving the state their blood and their toil. Blut und Boden, Blood and Soil, was a classic summary of this view. Obviously, the Volk had a large urban population, with many industrial workers, but their tasks were compared to and portrayed as part of this grand tradition. Of course traditional German values went hand in hand with the subjugation of women’s interests, widely restricting them to being mothers. The Volksgemeinschaft was never written about or explained in the same way as rival ideas like communism, and may simply have been a highly successful propaganda tool rather than anything the Nazi leaders genuinely believed in. Equally, members of German society did, in places, show a commitment to the creation of the Volk. Consequently, we arent really sure to what extent the Volk was a practical reality rather than a theory, but Volksgemeinschaft does show quite clearly that Hitler wasnt a socialist or a communist, and instead pushed a race-based ideology. To what extent would it have been enacted if the Nazi state had been successful? The removal of races the Nazis considered lesser had begun, as had the march into living space to be turned into the pastoral ideal. Its possible it would have been put entirely in place, but would almost certainly have varied by region as the power games of the Nazi leaders reached a head.

Adopting Native American Names - Abandoning Redskins Research Paper

Adopting Native American Names - Abandoning Redskins - Research Paper Example Controversial cases of adoptions of Native American symbols and names for the emblems, mascots, and names of sports’ teams are the ‘Chief Wahoo’ mascot, supporters’ ceremony named the ‘Tomahawk Chop’, the professional basketball team Atlanta ‘Braves’, and possibly the most notorious of all, the name of professional football team—Washington ‘Redskins’ (Yiannakis & Melnick 204).Native Americans and other groups have been demanding to eradicate this tradition as they regard it to be disrespectful, insulting, and racially prejudiced. This paper argues that racial stereotyping as such, whether ‘good’ or ‘bad’, is damaging, and condemns the notion that such team names like ‘Redskins’ value Native Americans. Therefore, this paper argues that the Washington, D.C. professional football team should change its name/mascot in response to recent criticism. Colman McCarthy of the Washington Post argues that â€Å"’Redskins’ is a slur name that smells with the stench of racism† (Yiannakis & Melnick 204). Almost all of the new supporters of the team are not aware of the historical framework of the team’s racial prejudice. The ‘Redskins’, not once acclaimed for broad-minded race dealings, were the last team in the National Football League to accept African American athletes and were only forced to do so by the 1957 Stadium Act (Stapleton 15). The way racial minority groups call themselves—for instance, ‘Native American’, ‘black’, or ‘Negro’—is very important for those belonging to these groups. The way other people see them not merely works as a proof of the nature of intergroup relationships or affairs, but can actually be a critical, momentous issue. Racial insults, whether caused by deep-seated hatreds or of thoughtless stereotypes, breed hard feelings or enmity and usually deteriorate into violence or aggression (Stapleton 38). In an effort to show higher cultural respect, several academies, such as Stanford, Miami of Ohio, and Eastern Michigan, have given up their old Native American-based team labels. In numerous cases, opponents have criticized these movements as confirmation that political correctness is going berserk on universities (King 29).

Case study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 11

Case study - Assignment Example Evaluating, giving feedbacks, making follow up and coaching the juniors like the case with Griffins and York has always been a challenge to leaders. (Duke Corporate Education, 2005). Very few leaders have been trained on ways of formulating and delivering feedback that is constructive and effective; feedbacks that would encourage the concerned parties to change both their personal and professional lives. Research has proved that there are four essential skills required in giving a feedback; self-management, observational, analytical and interpersonal skills. As the vice president, Mary Griffin’s feedback to His subordinate Simon York is very important. Feedback is a very important responsibility to all leaders, supervisors and managers in performance development. A supervisor must carry out descriptive feedback based on behavior on his subordinates for it to be considered effective. It should not be judgmental nor based on one’s personality. Upon issuing the feedback report, the leader should consider coaching the subordinate towards what is expected of him or her. Performance coaching should be a continued process that helps the employees in evaluating their job behavior and their performance with an aim of improving their effectiveness (OToole, 2012). Coaching sessions must be regular; whether they are informal or formal. We will discuss the impacts of healthy interpersonal skills in an organization in relation to the feedback and coaching given by Mary to Simon (Hawkins, 2011). It is of paramount importance for any person in any organization to have good interpersonal skills irrespective of his position in the organization. Interpersonal skills enhance teamwork, bonding and good communication skills. In order for one to appreciate the need of having good interpersonal skills, he must know its importance. The paper focuses on four main significances of

Weight management Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Weight management - Article Example One shortcoming of the research is that, much of it is concentrated on the behaviors that lead to weight decrease , but less study is findings has been provided for weight loss maintenance. The work has concentrated on broader issues (e.g., calories consumed), but data are scant on behavioral schemes related to weight maintenance. One broadly acknowledged idea is that successful and sustainable weight decrease needs paying vigilance to both sides of the energy-balance equation: power intake through nourishment and drink and power expenditure through physical undertaking . The influence of the blended strategy of consuming fruits and vegetables and engaging in normal physical activity has not been widely studied in mature persons thriving at heaviness decrease maintenance. A population-based approach was used to examine behavioral schemes used by those who were successful in weight loss. Such parameters as racial and ethnic dissimilarities in men and women were analyzed and described the combined dietary and physical activity behavior amidst U.S. adults who were trying heaviness loss upkeep. It was set out to analyze whether the combined tendency of consuming higher amounts of low-energy–density fruits and vegetables and engaging in regular physical undertaking is affiliated with successful heaviness loss upkeep. In addition, behaviors of respondents dining outside their homes were also considered and self-assurance in their proficiency to enlist in behavioral strategies that support successful weight decrease maintenance. In this study, men and women thriving at weight management described distinct one-by-one behaves. Amidst women who described consuming five or more crop and vegetable servings on the previous day, one-third were thriving at heaviness loss maintenance. Among women who described consuming less than five fruit and vegetable servings, one-fourth were thriving. Although,